268 research outputs found
Linking stroke mortality with air pollution, income, and greenness in northwest Florida: an ecological geographical study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Relatively few studies have examined the association between air pollution and stroke mortality. Inconsistent and inclusive results from existing studies on air pollution and stroke justify the need to continue to investigate the linkage between stroke and air pollution. No studies have been done to investigate the association between stroke and greenness. The objective of this study was to examine if there is association of stroke with air pollution, income and greenness in northwest Florida.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our study used an ecological geographical approach and dasymetric mapping technique. We adopted a Bayesian hierarchical model with a convolution prior considering five census tract specific covariates. A 95% credible set which defines an interval having a 0.95 posterior probability of containing the parameter for each covariate was calculated from Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. The 95% credible sets are (-0.286, -0.097) for household income, (0.034, 0.144) for traffic air pollution effect, (0.419, 1.495) for emission density of monitored point source polluters, (0.413, 1.522) for simple point density of point source polluters without emission data, and (-0.289,-0.031) for greenness. Household income and greenness show negative effects (the posterior densities primarily cover negative values). Air pollution covariates have positive effects (the 95% credible sets cover positive values).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>High risk of stroke mortality was found in areas with low income level, high air pollution level, and low level of exposure to green space.</p
Durability and Microstructure Characteristics of Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Considering the environmental impact of cement manufacturing industries, this paper concerns the potential of using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), like fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag, as being essential to replacing the existing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The objective of this paper is to study the microstructural characteristics of concrete with SCMs and improve the durability of the product to increase the lifespan of concrete structures. Replacement SCMs in OPC are 0, 40, 50, and 60 by percentage of cement weight, and we have taken a water-binder ratio of 0.40 for M40 grade and 0.28 for M60 grade concrete. The physical properties and chemical composition of OPC, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS), and fly ash were identified, and three different experiments were conducted to determine the resistance to penetration of chloride ions and corrosion processes. The rapid chloride permeability test, accelerated corrosion, and sorptivity tests were employed to measure concrete's resistance to the effects of aggressive environments and examine the durability properties. The most performed grade samples were analyzed as individual microspheres with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS), and X-ray diffraction. Significant improvements in various concrete properties were achieved through the partial replacement of fly ash and GGBS with cement. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-04-05 Full Text: PD
Cavity radius estimation for contained peaceful nuclear explosions-an analytic approach
An analytical method based on Penny-Taylor model has been modified and applied for the estimation of the final cavity radius for contained peaceful nuclear explosions. The calculated cavity radii for some nuclear explosions in granite, alluvium and sandstone rocks are in good agreement with measured values
On the occurrence of buckler crab Cryptopodia angulata in the coastal waters of India
464-467The trend of marine non-indigenous species in India has been increasing, with more than half of the species probably being introduced by shipping. A live specimen of buckler crab Cryptopodia angulata was found along the west coast of India at 40 m depth. The recent new records at different Indian coastal locations suggest that the crab is widening its distribution. Shipping is thought to be the possible introduction vector (via ballast) for the spread of C. angulata in the coastal waters of India. Further, the favorable environmental conditions prevalent in the Indian coastal waters may facilitate the establishment and subsequent spread of C. angulata. The invasion of this buckler crab may have negative impact on the native species. Although not present in detectable numbers, C. angulata may pose a major threat to the native species, if it establishes. Information on the establishment and distribution of C. angulata from other locations along the Indian coast would be essential to comprehensively and effectively address the threat
R06. Identification of the Cellular Pathways Targeted by Two Antifungal Natural Products Using RNA-Seq Analysis
Corresponding author (NCNPR): Ameeta Agarwal, [email protected]://egrove.olemiss.edu/pharm_annual_posters/1005/thumbnail.jp
Screening of pigeonpea genotypes against Maruca vitrata (Geyer)
Six promising short duration pigeon pea genotypes were screened for their reaction against Maruca vitrata under field, greenhouse and laboratory conditions in Andhra Pradesh, India. Field and greenhouse experiments showed significantly lower pod damage by M. vitrata in ICPL 98003 and ICPL 98008 compared to the susceptible genotype ICPL 88034. In addition, greenhouse and laboratory studies showed less consumption of food and reduced larval and pupal weights of M. vitrata when reared on resistant genotypes such as ICPL 98003 and ICPL 98008
Effect of different storage conditions on the virulence of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaNPV).
Studies on the effect of different storage conditions on the virulence of NPV revealed that samples stored in earthen pot and at room temperature maintained efficacy up to four months and after that virulence started decreasing. This decreased efficacy of samples stored under room temperature may be due to increased bacterial activity. When the NPV samples were tested for the bacterial load, it was 3.47 times more in the samples stored at room temperatures after six months of storag
Isolation and Characterization of Baculoviruses from Three Major Lepidopteran Pests in the Semi-Arid Tropics of India
Baculoviruses were isolated from three major
lepidopteran pests, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura
and Amsacta albistriga in the semi-arid tropics during
natural epizootic conditions at ICRISAT fields, Patancheru,
Andhra Pradesh, India. Biological, morphological and
biochemical analysis identified these isolates as Nucleopolyhedroviruses
(NPVs). Scanning electron microscopy of
the occlusion bodies (OBs) purified from diseased larvae
revealed polyhedral particles of size approximately
0.5–2.5 lm [Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus
(HearNPV)], 0.9–2.92 lm [Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus
(SpltNPV)] and 1.0–2.0 lm [Amsacta albistriga
Nucleopolyhedrovirus (AmalNPV)] in diameter. Transmission
electron microscopy of thin sections of OBs of the three
isolates revealed up to 5–8 multiple bacilliform shaped
particles packaged within a single viral envelope. The
dimensions of these particles were 277.7 9 41.6 nm for
HearNPV, 285.7 9 34.2 nm for SpltNPV and 228.5 9
22.8 nm for AmalNPV. Each of HearNPV and AmalNPV
contained up to 6 nucleocapsids and SpltNPV contained up
to 7 nucleocapsids per envelope. The estimated molecular
weights of the purified OB (polyhedrin) protein of the three
NPVs were 31.29–31.67 kDa. Virus yield (OBs/larva) was
5.18 ± 0.45 9 109 for HearNPV, 5.73 ± 0.17 9 109 for
SpltNPV and 7.90 ± 0.54 9 109 for AmalNPV. The LC50
values of various NPVs against 2nd and 3rd instar larvae
indicated 2.30 9 104 and 1.5 9 105 OBs/ml for HearNPV,
3.5 9 104 and 2.4 9 105 OBs/ml for SpltNPV and 5.6 9
104 and 3.96 9 105 OBs/ml for AmalNPV. The lethal time
required to cause 50% mortality (LT50) for these three species
were also defined. This study has shown that the NPVs
infecting three major lepidopteran pests in India are multiple
NPVs, and they have good potential to use as biocontrol
agents against these important pests
Biological and biochemical characterization of isolates of Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus [HaNPV] from different geographic locations of India
Six strains of HaNPV collected from different places of India were compared for their biological and biochemical
characteristics. Based on the bioassay tests against second and third instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera the order of activity in increasing order is UASD-HaNPV< AK-HaNPV<TN-HaNPV<PAU-HaNPV<GAUHaNPV< ICRISAT-HaNPV and no correlation was drawn between biological and biochemical characteristics. Electron microscopic observations of polyhedra, alkali disrupted polyhedra during purification and nucleocapsids are also presented
Effect of Phosphine and Methyl Bromide Fumigation of Different Life Stages of Peanut Bruchid, Caryedon serratus Olivier
To ensure seed quality, peanut seeds received for export by the Plant Quarantine Unit of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) were subjected to phosphine and methyl bromide fumigation. Effective control of eggs, larvae, and adults of Caryedon serratus Olivier was achieved with methyl bromide vacuum fumigation (16 g/m3 for 4 h exposure). Under normal atmospheric pressure (NAP), phosphine fumigation @ 0.5,1.0, and 2.0 g a.I./m3 for 24, and also with 0.25 g a.l. for 72 h gave effective control of eggs and larvae. Ph~phlne (1.0 g a.l./40 kg burlap bag) with bruchld Infested pods for 120 h resulted in 100% larval and 93% adult mortality. Both the fumigants did not impair the viability of peanut seeds. A dosage of 16 g/m3 of methyl bromide for 4 h under vacuum or 0.25 g a.l./m3 of phosphine for 72 h under NAP or placing 1.0 g a.l. of ph~phlne in dry pods stored in 40 kg burlap bag covered with polythene sheets for 120 h can satisfy the seed health requirements
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